Link is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus echinochloa family poaceae. Ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli. Johnson skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a. Echinochloa colona an overview sciencedirect topics. Echinochloa colona forma zonalis echinochloa colona linnaeus link, forma zonalis gussone wiegand, rhodora 23. It also grows along waterways, on the margins of lakes and ponds, in swamps and wetlands, and in other damp habitats. The overreliance on the herbicide glyphosate for knockdown weed control in fallows under minimum and zerotill cropping systems has led to an increase in populations of glyphosateresistant weeds. Link, is a hexaploid or tetraploid species yabuno, 1962, predominantly autogamous, which reproduces primarily through seeds but is able to reproduce through nodes masood. Home profile page data source and documentation for echinochloa colona l. Junglerice is found in the central valley, san francisco bay region, western south coast ranges, southern sierra nevada foothills, southwestern region, and sonoran desert to. Use of a single herbicide or the same group of herbicides for the control of echinochloa species in rice has led to the occurrence of a number of weed species belonging to the grass, broadleaf, and sedge family in different ecological regions throughout the nw. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. An echinochloa colona in nahilalakip ha genus nga echinochloa, ngan familia nga poaceae.
The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Center for field biology miscellaneous publication no. This page was last edited on 3 september 2017, at 08. Echinochloa colona is a fast growing summer grass but does not tolerate drought.
Echinochloa colona is a widespread, weedy species, distinguished by its short, neat, usually rather openly spaced racemes of rounded, awnless spikelets. Echinochloa crusgalli is an asian species that is now widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions of the world usdaars, 2014. Echinochloa species are usually reported as noxious weeds in several economically important crops around the world bajwa et al. Addressing resource conservation issues in ricewheat systems of south asia. A major weed of rice volume 57 issue 3 bhagirath s. It is in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to october. Both species are highly problematic weeds, responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in summer grain crops. Echinochloa annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions genus echinochloa liliopsid genus, monocot genus genus of flowering plants. Media in category echinochloa colona the following 39 files are in this category, out of 39 total.
The plant list includes 124 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus echinochloa. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Echinochloa colona versus echinochloa colonum poaceae. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. A suspected glyphosateresistant r junglerice population was collected from a glyphosater corn field near durham in northern california where glyphosate had been applied at least twice a year for over 6 yr. It is green to purple, tufted and shortly stoloniferous. Echinochloa colona french polynesia marquesas islands hiva oa island introduced invasive lorence, david h. Echinochloa colona in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Link article in crop protection 83 may 2016 with 1,401 reads how we measure reads. The plant list includes a further 140 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus echinochloa. Pdf on sep 1, 2015, ali ahsan bajwa and others published ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli find, read and cite all the research you. Echinochloa crusgalli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. Plants from this population, from a suspected glyphosateresistant gr.
Link is an annual rarely perennial grass, 30100 cm high. The success of echinochloa species as weeds is attributed to their rapid growth, prolific seed production, seed dormancy and adaptability to a. Echinochloa colona, poaceae, weed, medicinal potential. They are red purple at their base and can root at the lower nodes catindig et al. Pdf ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli. It flowers throughout the year and can produce seeds within 60 days. Different options are discussed in relation with ecobiology of this noxious weed. Echinochloa colona french polynesia marquesas islands fatu hiva island national tropical botanical garden u. The website also provides access to a database and images of plants photos and herbarium specimens found at. Michael honorary research associate, national herbarium of new south wales, royal botanic gardens, sydney, australia 2000. Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in. Panicum frumentaceum roxburgh 1820, non salisbury 1796.
Resistance to glyphosate in junglerice echinochloa colona. Echinochloa is a cosmopolitan genus belonging to subfamily panicoideae of the family poaceae comprised of 20 to 25 species6. Junglerice is found in the central valley, san francisco bay region, western south coast ranges, southern sierra nevada foothills, southwestern region, and sonoran desert to about 300 feet 100 m. Awnless barnyard grass echinochloa colona is a lowgrowing or semiupright plant up to 1 m tall with flower spikelets arranged in four irregular rows along the branches of its seedheads. The specific epithet comes from the latin colonus, farmer.
The generic name is derived from the greek echinos, hedgehog, and chloa, grass, in reference to the spikelets in many species that are covered with hard bristles. Link accepted name corn panicgrass plantae tracheophyta liliopsida poales poaceae echinochloa echinochloa colona l. Echinochloa colona is an annual weed affecting field crops and orchards in california. Many echinochloa species are difficult to distinguish because they tend to intergrade. Echinochloa colona is a annual growing to 1 m 3ft 3in. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Its culms are glabrous, cylindrical, erect and decumbent. Echinochloa definition of echinochloa by the free dictionary. Echinochloa colona is one of the most problematic weeds across worldwide. Use of a single herbicide or the same group of herbicides for the control of echinochloa species in rice has led to the occurrence of a number of weed species belonging to the grass, broadleaf, and sedge family in different ecological regions throughout the nw igp.
The variations are quite continuous from lonum, which is the simplest form whereas e. Echinochloa colona is a terrestrial, tufted and erect grass commonly known as jungle rice in india5. Echinochloa colona flowers throughout the year and is propagated by seeds. It is an annual c 4 summer grass, native to tropical and subtropical asia, emerged as a serious and persistent threat in 35 cropping systems in more than 60 countries. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. It can be present in large numbers and responsive to nutrients.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 410176 with original publication details. Factors effecting germination, emergence and establishment. Hubb echinochloa subverticillata pilg echinochloa zonalis guss. Request pdf on may 1, 2016, arslan masood peerzada and others published biology, impact, and management of echinochloa colona l. It causes substantial yield losses in different field crops, especially rice. The alabama plant atlas is a source of data for the distribution of plants within the state as well as taxonomic, conservation, invasive, and wetland information for each species. Barnyard and billion dollar grasses, barnyard millets eesti. Echinochloa colona forma vivipara echinochloa colona linnaeus link, forma vivipara beetle, phytologia 48. There are 17 species of echinochloa in australia, of these 8 are weeds. Seed germination ecology of junglerice echinochloa colona. In india four species of echinochloa is recorded i.
It is commonly known as cockspur or cockspur grass, barnyard millet, japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply barnyard grass which may refer to any species of echinochloa or the. It is commonly known as cockspur or cockspur grass, barnyard millet, japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply barnyard grass which may refer to any species of echinochloa or the genus as a whole however. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. Data source and references for echinochloa colona jungle rice from the usda plants database. The cook islands biodiversity database contains detailed information, images, sound and video of over 4000 species from the cook islands. All of the native species seem to have narrower leaves. It was formerly classified as a species of panicum. If it takes too long to load the home page, tap on the button below. Alternative options to glyphosate for control of large. Data source and references for echinochloa colona jungle. Echinochloa is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe paniceae.
Johnson skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Research gaps have been highlighted in the biology, interference and management. Multiple resistant echinochloa colona from united states. Based on the amount of glyphosate required to reduce growth by 50% ed 50, the r population was 6. Echinochloa colona is a widespread native has a narrow, hanging inflorescence flowerhead with spikelets in regular rows and grain is whitish. Excellent book, covering over 1,500 species of useful plants from nepal together with information on the geography and peoples.
Awnless barnyard grass echinochloa colona is a common weed of crops, gardens, roadsides, disturbed sites and waste areas in the region. Jungle rice grows most commonly at low altitudes but can be found at up to 2000 m and in areas where annual rainfall is ranging from 400 mm to about 1200 mm fao, 2011. These are primarily included because names of species rank. Biology and management of echinochloa colona and e. There are very long awned to completely unawned forms too. Biology, impact, and management of echinochloa colona l.
Echinochloa colona and chloris virgata are two major grass weeds in the cropping regions of northern new south wales and southern queensland, australia, that have become harder to kill due to a. A comparative study on effect of environmental factors on germination, emergence and establishment of echinochloa colonum and e. An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions. Echinochloa colona frumentacea link ridl echinochloa crusgalli edulis hitchc echinochloa crusgalli edulis honda. This species is ranked among the top 200 environmental weeds in southeastern queensland. Echinochloa colona forma zonalis echinochloa colona linnaeus link. It is widely distributed in california and its range is expanding. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Echinochloa colona, commonly known as jungle rice, deccan grass, or awnless barnyard grass, is a type of wild grass originating from tropical asia. Prefers moist but unflooded conditions and is a problem mainly in upland. Biology of rice leafhopper, nephotettix bipunctatus f. Echinochloa is a tropical to warmtemperate genus of 4050 species that are usually associated with wet or damp places. Echinochloa synonyms, echinochloa pronunciation, echinochloa translation, english dictionary definition of echinochloa.
51 525 87 569 88 927 476 199 203 1436 138 1269 1471 681 809 579 1643 623 993 1667 1567 49 184 1591 936 568 1604 1364 964 339 1492 1358 1334 1302 772 121 258 984 183 162 801 189